The role of sensory nerves in the development of inflammation of oral tissues
Olgart, L.
Fogorvosi Szemle 91(8-9): 247-255
1998
ISSN/ISBN: 0015-5314 PMID: 9729666 Document Number: 490065
Experimental stimulation and clinical procedures applied on the tooth crown cause vascular reactions in the dental pulp of cats and rats. These reactions depend on the activation of trigeminal afferent nerves and release of neuropeptides. A brief stimulation causes vasodilation, which is mainly mediated by calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). A longer stimulation results in plasma extravasation which is mediated mainly by substance P (SP) and prostaglandins in the pulp. In adjacent oral tissues the mechanisms following stimulation or local irritation are more complex and other mediators are also involved. Nitric oxide (NO) which is instantly produced in the tissues is such a novel mediator. The chemosensitive nature of the nerves involved (capsaicin sensitive) may lead to their activation also by inflammatory mediators released in the tissues. Thus, sensory nerves may modulate the progress of inflammation. Since sensory nerves in oral tissues are often the first structures to be activated during clinical procedures, tissue reactions that occur can be assumed to be initiated and perpetuated by the sensory neuropeptides. Much work is now made to modulate the sensory nerveinduced cascade of events in oral tissues to find new treatment strategies.