Power spectral analysis of heart rate variability by autoregressive modelling and fast Fourier transform: a comparative study
Fagard, R.H.; Pardaens, K.; Staessen, J.A.; Thijs, L.
Acta Cardiologica 53(4): 211-218
1998
ISSN/ISBN: 0001-5385 PMID: 9842406 Document Number: 487446
Objective - To compare the results from autoregressive modelling (ARM) and from fast Fourier transform (FFT), the most commonly used methods for the analysis of short-term heart rate variability in the frequency domain. Methods and Results - RR interval and respiratory activity were recorded in the supine and standing positions under standardized laboratory conditions in a population-based sample of 614 subjects. The low-(LF) and high-frequency (HF) components of heart rate variability were identified by power spectral analysis, by use of FFT, with application of two sets of frequency ranges, and by ARM; LF and HF power were expressed in both normalized (%) and absolute units (ms2). The RR interval, its variance and the HF power decreased from the supine to the standing position (P < 0.001).The LF power increased on standing when expressed in normalized units, but decreased in absolute units, whereas the LF-to-HF ratio increased (P < 0.001). On the low side of the spectrum, FFT slightly overestimated the LF component obtained with ARM, when the predefined frequency range was 0.05 - 0. 15 Hz (P < 0.001); the underestimation of LF in the frequency range 0.07 - 0.14 Hz was more pronounced, particularly in the erect position (P < 0.001). Both FFT methods overestimated (P < 0.001) the ARM HF component, more so for the 0. 15-0.50 Hz range than for the 0.14 - 0.35 Hz range. Finally, we observed considerable within-subject differences between methods, which were estimated by calculation of the limits of agreement. Conclusions - Different methods for spectral decomposition of short-term heart rate variability yield similar qualitative results, but the quantitative results differ between ARM and FFT, and within the FFT method according to the selected frequency range.