Maternal hormone therapy and congenital heart disease
Ferencz, C.; Matanoski, G.M.; Wilson, P.D.; Rubin, J.D.; Neill, C.A.; Gutberlet, R.
Teratology 21(2): 225-239
1980
ISSN/ISBN: 0040-3709 PMID: 7394725 DOI: 10.1002/tera.1420210213Document Number: 448828
Exogenous female sex hormone exposure was studied in the mothers of 110 infants with conotruncal malformations of the heart. For each case, 3 normal controls were chosen from the birth population: 2 matched on 8 characteristics related to the likelihood of hormone-taking (race, maternal age, parity, fetal losses, gestational age, delivery mode, time of prenatal registration, private/service), and 1 also on the infant's sex and birthweight; the 3rd control was chosen at random. In personal interviews information was obtained on the mother's general health, family history, reproductive characteristics, pregnancy health and environmental exposures. Identification of hormonal products was aided by a display of pills and packages. Maternal recall was examined in comparison to the responses of a group of mothers of infants with hypoplastic left heart (disease controls). Regression analysis on time elapsed since the infant's birth revealed no differences in recall between the mothers of cases and of controls. Multilogistic regression analysis, controlling for confounding variables and for scores constructed for reproductive, malformation and exposure risks, showed no increase in relative risk for cases compared to matched controls. Compared to random controls, the analysis suggested a possible increase in relative risk with increased environmental exposure scores; components of the risk score were excess smoking and alcohol intake, exposure to X-ray, drugs, paints, insecticides and chemicals.
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