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Prenatal nutrition, birthweight, and psychological development: an overview of experiments, quasi-experiments, and natural experiments in the past decade

Susser, M.

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 34(Suppl 4): 784-803

1981

ISSN/ISBN: 0002-9165
PMID: 7223694
DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/34.4.784
Document Number: 385493
Six studies examining the effect of prenatal nutritional supplements on infant birthweight are reviewed. It may be concluded that maternal malnutrition during pregnancy may lower birthweight only when dietary intake is below a critical threshold, or when mothers are heavy smokers. Other results suggest that prenatal supplements may produce gains in birthweight, especially among pregnant women who are chronically malnourished; differences may be related to total calories in the diet rather than to dietary protein. The degree to which nutritional intervention raises infant birthweight appears to depend on the nutritional status of the mother, to the extent of her food deprivation, the chemical composition of the supplement, at what stage of pregnancy it is given, and on other conditions. Possible psychological effects of prenatal nutrition on cognitive performance of the infant are not well understood.

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