Techniques and complications of pacemaker implantation in four cats
Fox, P.R.; Moise, N.S.; Woodfield, J.A.; Darke, P.G.
Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 199(12): 1742-1753
1991
ISSN/ISBN: 0003-1488 PMID: 1813467 Document Number: 376497
Pacemakers were successfully implanted in 4 adult and geriatric cats with bradycardia and associated signs. Various implantation techniques were used. Complications developed in 3 of the cats, generally more severe in 2 of the 3 cats in which thoracotomy and celiotomy were performed than in the cat in which a transvenous endocardial pacing technique was used. After surgery, pacemaker functions were reprogrammed noninvasively in 2 cats. All 4 cats survived without syncope for a mean of 33.1 months after surgery.