Hyposensitization
Przybilla, B.; Ring, J.
Der Internist 32(10): 606-611
1991
ISSN/ISBN: 0020-9554 PMID: 1761393 Document Number: 373358
Hyposensitization is an empirical method whose mechanism of action is largely unknown; it seems related to the humoral or cellular immune response as well as to the release of mediators. Hyposensitization appears to involve the induction of allergen-specific IgG antibodies, secretory IgA antibodies, antiidiotypic antibodies and suppressor cells as well as the inhibition of IgE synthesis, helper cells, and the chemotactic activity of eosinophils and neutrophils. Subcutaneous hyposensitization leads to significant improvement or disappearance of symptoms in 70-85% of patients with respiratory diseases due to aeroallergens; it is even more successful in patients with systemic allergic reactions to insect bites. There is controversy surrounding the effectiveness of oral hyposensitization. It is not known how long the effects of hyposensitization persist. The most important indications for hyposensitization are allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, allergic bronchial asthma, and insect venom allergy. Contraindications include autoimmune diseases, malignant neoplasia, lack of compliance, severe psychiatric disorders, chronic infections, and beta-blocker therapy.