Epidemiological characteristics of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in connection with the activities of maternal health care and family planning services
Vasilev, D.; Mekhandzhieva, V.
Akusherstvo i Ginekologiia 26(4): 68-74
1987
ISSN/ISBN: 0324-0959 PMID: 3314546 Document Number: 356998
Various epidemiological aspects of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) are reviewed with special emphasis on the risk groups, the increasing role of heterosexual transmission, and possibilities of perinatal transmission and infection. In September of 1986, a total of 31,646 cases of AIDS were reported worldwide. AIDS cases were reported in virtually all countries. The average incidence of the disease (per 100,000) ranged from 9 in US to 1-1.2 in Europe, and 17-18 in Central Africa. In US, AIDS became a leading cause of infant mortality. Progressive increase in the incidence of heterosexual transmission poses a threat to the general population and increases the risk of perinatal transmission. During vaginal intercourse both partners have an equal chance to get infected with AIDS. The presence of other venereal diseases was found to increase the risk of AIDS transmission. Promiscuity was shown to increase the risk of AIDS. In Uganda, 14% of pregnant women were HIV seropositive. AIDS transmission was reported following blood transfusion during cesarean section. Almost 60% of infected newborn infants die within 1 month of birth. It was concluded that AIDS is a global social and medical problem, and in the absence of an effective cure or vaccine, the most important preventive measures are changes in sex behavior, the use of contraceptive agents and devices, and education of the general population and women of child-bearing age.