An examination of some basic sexual concepts: the evidence of human hermaphroditism
Money, J.; Hampson, J.G.; Hampson, J.L.
Bulletin of the Johns Hopkins Hospital 97(4): 301-319
1955
ISSN/ISBN: 0097-1383 PMID: 13260820 Document Number: 3362
Seventy-six hermaphroditic patients manifesting somatic ambisexual anomalies were studied psychologically and their gender role and orientation appraised. Gender role and orientation was compared with the sex of assignment and rearing, and with each of five other variables of sex, namely, chromosomal sex, gonadal sex, hormonal sex, internal reproductive organs, and external genitalia. Gender role and orientation was found to be congruous with the sex of assignment and rearing in 72 of the 76 patients, despite contradiction between this pair of variables and one or more of the other five. It was concluded that the sex of assignment and rearing was better than any other variable as a prognosticator of the gender role and orientation established by the patients in this group. The bearing of this finding on instinct theory in psychology and psychiatry was examined. A case report was given to illustrate how gender role and orientation may be fully concordant with the sex of assignment and rearing, despite extreme contradiction of the other five variables of sex.
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