Use of pulsed Nd:YAG laser in the ureter
Hofmann, R.; Hartung, R.
Urologic Clinics of North America 15(3): 369-375
1988
ISSN/ISBN: 0094-0143 PMID: 2900567 Document Number: 325968
An Nd-YAG laser of 1064-nm wavelength, 8-nanosecond pulse duration, and single-pulse energy of 20 to 80 mJ can create shock waves with a peak pressure of 1000 bar in less than 4 nanoseconds. The safety of this laser has been demonstrated in cultured cells, whole blood, and porcine urothelium. Clinically, ureteral calculi have been removed from 24 of 27 patients.
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