Effect of HIV-1 antiretroviral prophylaxis on hepatic and hematological parameters of African infants
Taha, T.E.; Kumwenda, N.; Gibbons, A.; Hoover, D.; Lema, V.; Fiscus, S.; Mukiibi, J.; Liomba, G.; Broadhead, R.
Aids 16(6): 851-858
2002
ISSN/ISBN: 0269-9370 PMID: 11919486 DOI: 10.1097/00002030-200204120-00004Document Number: 243908
Objective To measure hepatic and hematological parameters among neonates randomized to receive ultra-short antiretroviral regimens. Design As part of an on-going clinical trial in Malawi, infants born to women who received (early presenters) or did not receive (late presenters) standard intrapartum nevirapine (NVP) dosing were randomized to receive orally either single dose NVP alone or NVP plus zidovudine (twice daily for 1 week). An additional group of untreated infants (born to HIV-uninfected women) was enrolled as a control. Methods Laboratory measurements were performed at birth and repeated at 6 weeks of age. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was measured on approximately 200 infants consecutively enrolled and randomized at the start of the trial. Complete blood count (CBC) was performed on approximately 800 infants at birth and 600 infants at 6 weeks of age. ALT and CBC were also determined on approximately 200 control infants. Results At birth there were no differences in ALT values between the groups of children. At 6 weeks of age, ALT levels were significantly higher among the treated groups compared with control group (geometric mean of 11.5 U/l for controls and 16.2-19.1 U/l for treated groups; P < 0.0001). Hematological parameters did not differ between groups at birth. At 6 weeks of age, levels of hemoglobin, hematocrit, granulocytes, and platelets were significantly (P < 0.0001) lower among antiviral drug-treated groups compared with controls. These changes were consistent with grade 1 (mild) toxicity, and were more noticeable among HIV-infected infants. Conclusions Hepatic and hematologic abnormalities associated with short-term neonatal antiretrovirals among African children are minimal.