Normative vs. attitudinal considerations in breastfeeding behavior: multifaceted social influences in a developing country context
Göksen, F.
Social Science and Medicine 54(12): 1743-1753
2002
ISSN/ISBN: 0277-9536 PMID: 12113432 DOI: 10.1016/s0277-9536(01)00145-9Document Number: 242214
The aim of the paper is to test the basic assumptions underlying the theory of reasoned action (TRA) for exclusive breastfeeding behaviour taking place in the rather complicated social environment of women who have just given birth. The paper aims (i) to argue that normative rather than attitudinal considerations are more important in engaging the correct breastfeeding behaviour, and (ii) to demonstrate that the TRA concept of social norm should be treated as a multi-layered construct which involves several enabling factors in predicting complex behaviours such as breastfeeding. This study was conducted in Istanbul, Turkey in 1995 over an 8-month period. Data were collected in 3 phases as part of a prospective cohort follow-up design. The first phase of data collection was conducted in the hospital with mothers after the delivery. Two follow-up questionnaires were administered at the end of the first and second months. Results did not confirm the assertions of the TRA. Logistic regression models and multiple regression analyses indicated that intention and belief/attitude measures taken at the time of birth did not predict end-of-first-month full breastfeeding behaviour. Overall, results revealed that intention by itself was not a strong determinant of breastfeeding unless it was conditioned by enabling factors such as social support and subjective norms regarding breastfeeding.
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