Panophthalmitis and otitis interna in fire-bellied toads
Brooks, D.E.; Jacobson, E.R.; Wolf, E.D.; Clubb, S.; Gaskin, J.M.
Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 183(11): 1198-1201
1983
ISSN/ISBN: 0003-1488 PMID: 6643232 Document Number: 204865
Microbiologic and histologic studies were made of fire-bellied toads with signs of ocular and central nervous system disease. Providencia alcalifaciens, Citrobacter freundii, Aeromonas hydrophila, and other gram-negative bacilli were isolated from the eyes and multiple tissues of ill toads. The histologic evaluations revealed severe panophthalmitis and otitis interna.