Possible biochemical impact of malaria infection in subjects with HIV co-infection in Anambra state, Nigeria
Onyenekwe, C.C.; Ukibe, N.; Meludu, S.C.; Ifeanyi, M.; Ezeani, M.; Onochie, A.; Ofiaeli, N.; Aboh, N.; Ilika, A.
Journal of Vector Borne Diseases 45(2): 151-156
2008
ISSN/ISBN: 0972-9062 PMID: 18592844 Document Number: 202739
Background & objectives: The present study was designed to determine possible contributory impact of malaria infection on some biochemical markers in subjects with HIV co-infection in order to know if they are adverse or protective.Methods: Participants were recruited at the Voluntary Counseling and Testing Unit, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi, Nigeria and grouped into: (i) Malaria and HIV co-infection group (n = 45); and (ii) HIV infected group without concurrent malaria infection (n = 57). Standard laboratory methods were used for the HIV and Plasmodium falciparum antigen screening, malaria parasite density, CD4(+) T-cell count, packed cell volume, white blood cell count, serum iron and albumin concentrations.Results: The results showed that serum iron and albumin were significantly reduced and raised respectively in 'Malaria-HIV co-infection group' compared with 'HIV infection group' (p <0.05 and p <0.05). A positive association was observed between age and serum iron concentration in malaria and HIV co-infected group (r = 0.580; p <0.05) while negative associations were observed between PCV and serum iron (r = - 0.388; p <0.05) and between CD4(+) T-cells and serum iron concentration (r = - 0.362; p<0.05) in malaria and HIV co-infected group. The CD4(+) T-cell count, WBC count, PCV were not significantly different between the Malaria-HIV co-infection group and HIV infection group.Interpretation & conclusion: In the present study serum iron and albumin concentrations were the most sensitive indicators that showed the contributory impact of malaria infection on biochemical index in HIV co-infected subjects. The findings suggest that at the defined stage of HIV infection in the present study, malaria co-infection may moderate the impact of HIV infection on iron metabolism and hepatic synthesis of albumin.