Respiratory Distress and it's Clinical Outcome in Tertiary Care Centre
Chaitanya; Ravikiran
Journal of the Association of Physicians of India 70(4): 11-12
2022
ISSN/ISBN: 0004-5772 PMID: 35443455 Document Number: 18298
Respiratory distress refers to any kind of subjective difficulty in breathing. It manifests as one or more of the following: altered breathing pattern, forced breathing efforts or obstructed breathing. Respiratory distress is defined as a clinical state characterized by increased respiratory rate(tachypnoea) and respiratory efforts. Respiratory distress is a common cause for admission in the RICU. It's the main symptom of various other systemic illness. Respiratory diseases are the most common cause for respiratory distress.Bronchiolitis and pneumonia are the most common cause of respiratory distress. More than 1/3rd of deaths observed in adults presented with severe respiratory distress and respiratory failure. Almost 2/3 rd of deaths were due to pneumonia with or without pleural involvement and made a major contribution to childhood mortality in RICU. The study included clinical profile and outcome of Respiratory distress patients admitted due to Pneumonia in RICU during the period from October 2020-April 2021. Results on continuous measurements were presented on Mean±SD and results on categorical measurements were presented in Frequency (Percentage). Most common causes in our study was bronchopneumonia (39.7%). Among 204 patients in our study, nebulisation was required in 163(79.9%), oxygen in 182(89.2%), NIV in 72(35.3%) and invasive ventilation in 30(14.7%). Mean duration of oxygen, NIV and invasive ventilation requirement in our study was 2.16, 1.93 & 2.06 days respectively. Some patients required ICD insertion in 7(3.43%),bronchoscopic removal of FB in 1,thoracotomy in 1 and adrenaline injection in 1 patient .Inotropic support was required in 18(8.82%) patients. Out of 204 patients in our study, the average duration of stay in RICU was 4.56days, with minimum duration of stay was 4hr and maximum duration of stay was 16 days. The mortality was more in more than 50years (42.85%). The mortality was more in male patients 8(57.16%) compared to female patients 6(42.85%). The most common causes for mortality were bronchopneumonia 4(28.57%) and lobar pneumonia 2(14.28%). Respiratory diseases are the most common causes of respiratory distress in adults. Non respiratory diseases causing respiratory distress is 18.62%. Most common diseases causing respiratory distress are bronchopneumonia and lobar pneumonia. Most common non-respiratory cause was DKA. Common presenting complaints in patient with respiratory distress are SOB, cough and fever. Most common respiratory distress signs were tachypnoea, nasal flaring and subcostal retractions. Mortality rate in patient with respiratory distress is 6.87%. Mortality is more in males than females Most common causes of mortality in patients with respiratory distress are bronchopneumonia and lobar pneumonia.
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