Prevalence and risk factors of diabetic nephropathy among Thai patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Krairittichai, U.; Potisat, S.; Jongsareejit, A.; Sattaputh, C.
Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand 94(Suppl 2): S1-S5
2011
ISSN/ISBN: 0125-2208 PMID: 21717870 Document Number: 14248
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the leading cause of end stage renal disease. Clinically, DN is classified into 3 stages: microalbuminuria (MA), macroalbuminuria and ESRD. The prevalence and risk factors of DN among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Thailand have not been well studied. To assess the prevalence of DN in patients with T2DM and to determine their associated risk factors. A cross-sectional study evaluating 877 T2DM patients from the out-patient department of seven public hospitals in Thailand was performed. Three random spot urine samples from all patients were collected during 3 consecutive months. Normoalbuminuria, MA and macroalbuminuria were defined as the presence of at least two out of three spot urine tests for urine albumin/creatinine ratio showing less than 30, 30-300 and more than 300 mg/gm respectively. Most patients were female, 60 years of age or older, with BMI above 25 kg/m2, a family history of DM, uncontrolled blood pressure, HbA1c above 7.0% and LDL above 100 mg/dl. The prevalence of normoalbuminuria, MA and macroalbuminuria was 62.8, 26.0 and 11.2% respectively. The prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in T2DM with normoalbuminuria, MA and microalbuminuria was 18.5, 35.5 and 48.0% respectively. Associated risk factors of DN were the duration of DM, HbA1c levels and uncontrolled hypertension. The prevalence of all DN was 37.2%. Associated risk factors of DN were the duration of DM, HbA1c levels and uncontrolled hypertension.
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