Biochemical activation of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity, cellular distribution of polynuclear hydrocarbon metabolites, and DNA damage by polynuclear hydrocarbon products in human cells in vitro
Milo, G.E.; Blakeslee, J.; Yohn, D.S.; DiPaolo, J.A.
Cancer Research 38(6): 1638-1644
1978
ISSN/ISBN: 0008-5472 PMID: 417805 Document Number: 132743
Carcinogenic polynuclear hydrocarbons [7,12-dimethylbenzanthracene, 3-methylcholanthrene, and benzo(a)pyrene] were added to human skin fibroblast cell cultures. Only benzo(a)pyrene at 10 microgram/ml or above induced mixed-function hydroxylase activity, altered cell proliferation kinetics, and caused DNA damage as measured by altered grain count and bromodeoxyuridine incorporation. 3-Methylcholanthrene at concentrations as high as 15 microgram/ml was ineffective. 7,12-Dimethylbenzanthracene at 6 microgram/ml or above induced mixed-function oxygenase and stimulated DNA synthesis and cell proliferation, but at those concentrations little or no cytotoxicity or DNA damage was detected. The noncarcinogenic analogs 6,8,12-trimethylbenzanthracene, 5-fluorodimethylbenzanthracene, anthracene, and phenanthrene had no detectable effect on the human cells. It was concluded that benzo(a)pyrene can initiate all the biochemical events in human cells probably necessary to initiate transformation of human cells in vitro.