Contraception
Lebech, P.E.
Ugeskrift for Laeger 140(49): 3069-3072
1978
ISSN/ISBN: 0041-5782 PMID: 726117 Document Number: 128459
A technical overview of the status of various contraceptive methods is presented. The World Health Organization coordinates research on an international level to improve communication in the medical field. Manufacturers are developing oral contraceptives with lower hormone levels. Oral contraceptives with natural estrogens have also been developed, which are less effective but have fewer side effects. Pills made of rice paper impregnated with steroid hormones have been introduced in China. Pills with low dosages of gestagen are highly effective, with bleeding disorders as their main side effect. Depot injections and implants are being developed, including hormone-implanted vaginal rings and hormones absorbed through the nasal menbranes that affect the hypothalamus-pituitary gland. Anti-implantation methods are based on the ability of various substances to block hormone receptors. New types of IUDs are being developed, as are vaccinations which inhibit implantation. Substances such as ethinyl estradiol can be used as post-coital contraceptive methods. New methods of induced abortion and sterilization make these procedures more effective and safe. Contraceptive methods to be used by men include combinations of gestagens and androgens and immunologic preparations, e.g. the substance inhibin, which inhibit development of the sperm.