Ths significance of metastases to the adrenal glands in adenocarcinoma of the colon and rectum
Cedermark, B.J.; Blumenson, L.E.; Pickren, J.W.; Holyoke, D.E.; Elias, E.G.
Surgery Gynecology and Obstetrics 144(4): 537-546
1977
ISSN/ISBN: 0039-6087 PMID: 847609 Document Number: 112625
A study to determine the frequency of metastases to the adrenal glands following carcinoma of the colon and rectum was undertaken. Patients with, or without, adrenal spread were compared regarding age, sex, race and survival time. The overall metastatic pattern was analyzed to determine its usefulness for predicting the presence of metastases to the adrenal glands. Autopsy reports and clinical records of patients with adrenal spread were reviewed regarding the extent of tumor involvement in the glands and possible adrenal insufficiency. Of 457 patients with adenocarcinoma of the colon and rectum who underwent autopsy, 63 or 14% had metastases to the adrenal glands. Of these, 29 had bilateral involvement. Patients with bilateral metastases had a lower median age than those without adrenal spread. No correlation was found between adrenal metastatic status and sex or race. Although survival time was shorter for patients with bilateral metastases of the adrenal glands, adrenal insufficiency did not seem to be the reason for this shorter survival time. In retrospect, the presence of adrenal insufficiency could not be ruled out in several of these patients. Eight sites were studied with regard to whether or not metastatic involvement in a specific site might indicate a higher risk for simultaneous metastases to the adrenal glands. When involved, there was a higher frequency of metastases to the adrenals than if free of tumor. Metastases especially above the diaphragm indicated a considerable risk for adrenal involvement. Different sites were combined in groups and studied in the same way. The more sites involved, the higher the relative chance of metastases to the adrenals. The results presented may be useful in predicting the relative chance of adrenal metastases in patients with advanced carcinoma of the colon and rectum.